{"id":10758,"date":"2018-09-13T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2018-09-13T07:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wearewater.org\/insights\/la-simbiosis-perversa-de-billa-in-progress\/"},"modified":"2023-11-17T11:55:48","modified_gmt":"2023-11-17T09:55:48","slug":"la-simbiosis-perversa-de-billa","status":"publish","type":"waw_insight","link":"https:\/\/www.wearewater.org\/es\/insights\/la-simbiosis-perversa-de-billa\/","title":{"rendered":"La simbiosis perversa de Billa"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"whads-insighttext-gblock\"><div class=\"whads-insighttext-gblock__heading__col\"><\/div><div class=\"whads-insighttext-gblock__text__col\"><p>Billa es uno de los m\u00e1s de 385 millones de ni\u00f1os que en el mundo viven por debajo del umbral de la pobreza. Es hu\u00e9rfano de padre pero a\u00fan le queda su madre y dos hermanas para no acabar como los m\u00e1s de 10 millones de ni\u00f1os abandonados que hoy pululan por las calles de las ciudades de India. \u00c9l y su familia viven precariamente a orillas del lago Wular en el distrito de Bandipora, en el estado indio de Jammu y Cachemira. Billa tiene otro aliado parad\u00f3jico: la contaminaci\u00f3n que cubre la superficie del lago se ha convertido en su sustento. La supervivencia de su familia depende de la venta de los desechos pl\u00e1sticos que recoge diariamente con la barca que le leg\u00f3 su padre y que ha aprendidos a manejar con tanta destreza como \u00e9l. Ha tenido que abandonar la escuela, pues debe trabajar de sol a sol para que el volumen recogido de basura le sea rentable.<\/p>\n<p>La pesca en el lago constituye una parte fundamental de la dieta de las m\u00e1s de 100.000 personas que viven a lo largo de sus m\u00e1rgenes. M\u00e1s de ocho mil pescadores se ganan la vida en el lago, como lo hac\u00eda el padre de Billa, y las sociedades cooperativas basadas en la comercializaci\u00f3n de pescado emplean a cientos de ribere\u00f1os. Los humedales del lago tambi\u00e9n proporcionan trabajo agr\u00edcola: muchas otras familias cosechan casta\u00f1a de agua y plantas para forraje.<\/p>\n<p>El lago Wular es de origen tect\u00f3nico; su tama\u00f1o var\u00eda estacionalmente de 30 a 260 km<sup>2<\/sup>, es la mayor reserva de agua dulce de India y un elemento clave en la seguridad h\u00eddrica de la regi\u00f3n: es el gran regulador de los caudales del deshielo de los glaciares de los Himalayas, y muy en especial del r\u00edo Indo que fluye hacia Pakist\u00e1n.<\/p>\n<p>Billa encuentra un doble sentido a su duro trabajo: alimenta a su familia al tiempo que contribuye a limpiar el lago, de cuyo deterioro y del impacto negativo que est\u00e1 teniendo en el equilibrio hidrol\u00f3gico de la regi\u00f3n vienen alertado desde hace d\u00e9cadas los expertos medioambientales. Pese a que desde 1986 el lago fue calificado como Humedal de Importancia Nacional en el marco del Programa de Humedales del Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Bosques del Gobierno de India, poco se ha hecho hasta ahora para evitar su degeneraci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"whads-insightimage-gblock\" data-image-type=\"wideleftcropped\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1840\" height=\"850\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wearewater.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/303325-1-aspect-ratio-13-6.jpg\" class=\"whads-insightimage-gblock__image\" alt=\"Imagen We Are Water\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wearewater.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/303325-1-aspect-ratio-13-6.jpg 1840w, https:\/\/www.wearewater.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/303325-1-aspect-ratio-13-6-300x139.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.wearewater.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/303325-1-aspect-ratio-13-6-1024x473.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.wearewater.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/303325-1-aspect-ratio-13-6-768x355.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.wearewater.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/303325-1-aspect-ratio-13-6-1536x710.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.wearewater.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/303325-1-aspect-ratio-13-6-600x277.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1840px) 100vw, 1840px\" \/><\/div><div class=\"whads-insighttext-gblock\"><div class=\"whads-insighttext-gblock__heading__col\"><\/div><div class=\"whads-insighttext-gblock__text__col\"><p>La contaminaci\u00f3n del Wular proviene mayormente del r\u00edo Jhelum, que vierte en \u00e9l los detritos de las poblaciones aguas arriba, que en su mayor parte carecen de saneamiento y reciclaje de residuos. Un nivel de contaminaci\u00f3n que, seg\u00fan Jalal Ud Din Baba, el autor del corto, no ha parado de crecer de forma paralela al desarrollo de nuevos h\u00e1bitos de consumo de los habitantes de la cuenca.<\/p>\n<p>La pel\u00edcula recibi\u00f3 el reconocimiento del primer ministro de India, Narendra Modi, que se refiri\u00f3 a Billa en su Mann Ki Baat, el programa de radio a trav\u00e9s del que se dirige a la poblaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"whads-insightvideo-gblock\"><div class=\"whads-lazyload-video\" data-video-id=\"Ry9yVGgZ7wU\" data-video-type=\"youtube\"><div class=\"whads-lazyload-video__cover\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wearewater.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/maxresdefault-2023-11-17T105318.580.jpg\" class=\"whads-lazyload-video__cover__image\" alt=\"V\u00eddeo\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wearewater.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/maxresdefault-2023-11-17T105318.580.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/www.wearewater.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/maxresdefault-2023-11-17T105318.580-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.wearewater.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/maxresdefault-2023-11-17T105318.580-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.wearewater.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/maxresdefault-2023-11-17T105318.580-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.wearewater.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/maxresdefault-2023-11-17T105318.580-600x338.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><div class=\"svg-wrapper whads-lazyload-video__cover__play\"><svg width=\"102\" height=\"102\" viewBox=\"0 0 102 102\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n<g filter=\"url(#filter0_d_64_1959)\">\n<path opacity=\"0.7\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M70.0034 46.1979L39.7539 27.5216C39.1127 27.1259 38.3677 27.6225 38.3677 28.2938V65.6465C38.3677 66.3205 39.1127 66.8171 39.7539 66.4215L70.0034 47.7451C70.5764 47.3904 70.5764 46.5499 70.0034 46.1979Z\" fill=\"white\"\/>\n<circle opacity=\"0.7\" cx=\"50.9998\" cy=\"46.9728\" r=\"45.3172\" stroke=\"white\" stroke-width=\"2.41692\"\/>\n<\/g>\n<defs>\n<filter id=\"filter0_d_64_1959\" x=\"0.474121\" y=\"0.447144\" width=\"101.051\" height=\"101.051\" filterUnits=\"userSpaceOnUse\" color-interpolation-filters=\"sRGB\">\n<feFlood flood-opacity=\"0\" result=\"BackgroundImageFix\"\/>\n<feColorMatrix in=\"SourceAlpha\" type=\"matrix\" values=\"0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 127 0\" result=\"hardAlpha\"\/>\n<feOffset dy=\"4\"\/>\n<feGaussianBlur stdDeviation=\"2\"\/>\n<feComposite in2=\"hardAlpha\" operator=\"out\"\/>\n<feColorMatrix type=\"matrix\" values=\"0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.25 0\"\/>\n<feBlend mode=\"normal\" in2=\"BackgroundImageFix\" result=\"effect1_dropShadow_64_1959\"\/>\n<feBlend mode=\"normal\" in=\"SourceGraphic\" in2=\"effect1_dropShadow_64_1959\" result=\"shape\"\/>\n<\/filter>\n<\/defs>\n<\/svg>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"whads-insightvideo-gblock__caption\"><p>Entrevista con Jalal Ud Din Baba &#8211; Finalista del corto &#8220;Saving the Saviour&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"whads-insighttext-gblock\"><div class=\"whads-insighttext-gblock__heading__col\"><\/div><div class=\"whads-insighttext-gblock__text__col\"><p>Pero no s\u00f3lo la contaminaci\u00f3n amenaza al lago. La invasi\u00f3n de los humedales debido a una mala gesti\u00f3n agr\u00edcola y la proliferaci\u00f3n descontrolada de sauces han reducido a la mitad su superficie en el \u00faltimo siglo, reduci\u00e9ndose un quinto su capacidad de almacenamiento de agua. El cambio clim\u00e1tico est\u00e1 agravando las situaciones extremas (sequ\u00edas e inundaciones) que se han incrementado a medida que la capacidad de regulaci\u00f3n del agua del humedal ha ido disminuyendo, afectando tanto a las comunidades locales como los millones de personas que habitan el valle de Cachemira aguas abajo.<\/p>\n<p>Con el objetivo de salvar el lago y evitar una cat\u00e1strofe socioecon\u00f3mica, el gobierno de Jammu y Cachemira (India) est\u00e1 aplicando ahora un plan de gesti\u00f3n integrado concebido por la <a href=\"https:\/\/south-asia.wetlands.org\/\" target=\"_blank\">Wetlands International South Asia<\/a>. Una de las principales acciones que se est\u00e1n desarrollando es la eliminaci\u00f3n de gran parte de los sauces (dos millones de \u00e1rboles) que fueron plantados en los humedales desde la d\u00e9cada de 1950 con la finalidad de obtener madera para fabricar bates de cr\u00edquet, cajas para pescado y le\u00f1a. Los sauces incrementan la acumulaci\u00f3n de sedimentos, que es otro de los problemas a combatir por el programa, que proyecta dragar amplias zonas para volver a conectar las marismas.<\/p>\n<p>Los expertos advierten que las medidas no ser\u00e1n efectivas si no se avanza paralelamente en el desarrollo del saneamiento, que es inexistente en la mayor parte de las viviendas ribere\u00f1as, lo que junto al acceso al agua es la base para el desarrollo sostenible de la gran comunidad que depende del lago. S\u00f3lo as\u00ed la supervivencia medioambiental de la gran masa de agua ser\u00e1 beneficiosa para Cashemira, India y disolver\u00e1 la simbiosis perversa en la que viven ni\u00f1os como Billa con los entornos contaminados: poder regresar a la escuela y no depender m\u00e1s de la recogida de desechos.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"featured_media":10759,"template":"","categories":[37,48],"class_list":["post-10758","waw_insight","type-waw_insight","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-clima-y-medioambiente","category-waw-film-festival"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>La simbiosis perversa de Billa - We Are Water<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wearewater.org\/es\/insights\/la-simbiosis-perversa-de-billa\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"La simbiosis perversa de Billa - 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