{"id":11483,"date":"2020-01-17T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-01-17T07:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wearewater.org\/insights\/oro-que-empobrece-agua-que-mata-in-progress\/"},"modified":"2023-11-17T11:00:24","modified_gmt":"2023-11-17T09:00:24","slug":"oro-que-empobrece-agua-que-mata","status":"publish","type":"waw_insight","link":"https:\/\/www.wearewater.org\/es\/insights\/oro-que-empobrece-agua-que-mata\/","title":{"rendered":"Oro que empobrece, agua que mata"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"whads-insighttext-gblock\"><div class=\"whads-insighttext-gblock__heading__col\"><\/div><div class=\"whads-insighttext-gblock__text__col\"><p class=\"Cuerpo\"><span lang=\"ES-TRAD\">En Ghana, cada d\u00eda, Whoe camina descalzo kil\u00f3metros para buscar agua. Si la fuente no funciona, tiene que ir al r\u00edo a trav\u00e9s de un vertedero. Como \u00e9l dice \u201cla basura est\u00e1 m\u00e1s cerca que el agua\u201d, y sus perspectivas no son buenas: el agua del r\u00edo est\u00e1 contaminada con residuos de la miner\u00eda ilegal de oro. Mercurio, ars\u00e9nico y plomo est\u00e1n en el agua en proporciones totalmente insalubres. Es un grave problema que azota Ghana y los numerosos pa\u00edses en v\u00edas de desarrollo que sufren las consecuencias medioambientales de la miner\u00eda <\/span><span lang=\"IT\">furtiva<\/span><span lang=\"ES-TRAD\"> de oro. La llaman <span class=\"Ninguno\"><em>galamsey, <\/em><\/span>un t\u00e9rmino que viene de la uni\u00f3n del significado de las palabras ghanesas &#8220;juntarlos y vender\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"Cuerpo\"><span lang=\"IT\">La tradici<\/span><span lang=\"ES-TRAD\">\u00f3n de extracci\u00f3n de oro artesanal es muy antigua en<\/span><span lang=\"NL\"> Ghana<\/span><span lang=\"ES-TRAD\">, pero el aumento del precio de este metal noble a partir de 2007 desat\u00f3 una aut\u00e9ntica \u201cfiebre del oro\u201d entre los m\u00e1s pobres de la poblaci\u00f3n acuciados por el desempleo. Se estima que unos 200.000 ghaneses obtienen ingresos de la miner\u00eda furtiva que indirectamente benefician a unos tres millones de personas.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"whads-insightimage-gblock\" data-image-type=\"wideleftcropped\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"850\" height=\"393\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wearewater.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/324750-1-aspect-ratio-13-6.jpg\" class=\"whads-insightimage-gblock__image\" alt=\"Imagen We Are Water\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wearewater.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/324750-1-aspect-ratio-13-6.jpg 850w, https:\/\/www.wearewater.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/324750-1-aspect-ratio-13-6-300x139.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.wearewater.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/324750-1-aspect-ratio-13-6-768x355.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.wearewater.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/324750-1-aspect-ratio-13-6-600x277.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px\" \/><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"whads-insighttext-gblock\"><div class=\"whads-insighttext-gblock__heading__col\"><h2 class=\"whads-insighttext-gblock__heading\">Inmigrantes en pos del oro<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"whads-insighttext-gblock__text__col\"><p class=\"Cuerpo\"><span lang=\"ES-TRAD\">La fiebre del oro ghan\u00e9s traspas\u00f3 fronteras y lleg\u00f3 a China. A principios de 2019, el gobierno ghan<\/span><span lang=\"FR\">\u00e9<\/span><span lang=\"ES-TRAD\">s estim\u00f3 en m\u00e1s de 50.000 los chinos que estaban en el pa\u00eds dedicados a la extracci\u00f3n ilegal de oro. Para el pa\u00eds africano, que es <\/span><span lang=\"IT\">el <\/span><span lang=\"ES-TRAD\">d\u00e9cimo mayor exportador de oro del mundo, esta entrada de inmigrantes extractivistas es un problema econ\u00f3mico serio y que ha llegado a causar este \u00faltimo a\u00f1o tensiones pol\u00edticas con China: seg\u00fan estimaciones del gobierno la cantidad de oro que sali\u00f3<\/span><span lang=\"IT\"> del pa<\/span><span lang=\"ES-TRAD\">\u00eds hacia el pa\u00eds asi\u00e1tico <\/span><span lang=\"IT\">super<\/span><span lang=\"ES-TRAD\">\u00f3 los 2,3 mil millones de d\u00f3lares en 2016. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"Cuerpo\"><span lang=\"ES-TRAD\">El problema tambi\u00e9n es social, ya que la competencia entre los mineros ilegales ghaneses y chinos es una causa de constantes tensiones y enfrentamientos, y un factor de desequilibrio en las zonas mineras en las que agricultores y ganaderos se han visto desplazados.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"Cuerpo\"><strong><span lang=\"ES-TRAD\">\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"whads-insightimage-gblock\" data-image-type=\"small\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1170\" height=\"613\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wearewater.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/324757-1.jpg\" class=\"whads-insightimage-gblock__image\" alt=\"Imagen We Are Water\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wearewater.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/324757-1.jpg 1170w, https:\/\/www.wearewater.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/324757-1-300x157.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.wearewater.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/324757-1-1024x537.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.wearewater.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/324757-1-768x402.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.wearewater.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/324757-1-600x314.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1170px) 100vw, 1170px\" \/><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"whads-insighttext-gblock\"><div class=\"whads-insighttext-gblock__heading__col\"><h2 class=\"whads-insighttext-gblock__heading\">La destrucci\u00f3n del medio<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"whads-insighttext-gblock__text__col\"><p class=\"Cuerpo\"><span lang=\"ES-TRAD\">Pero el problema no es s\u00f3lo socioecon\u00f3mico. Esta oleada de miner\u00eda furtiva dispar\u00f3 la contaminaci\u00f3n del agua de los r\u00edos y acu\u00edferos. Para extraer el oro de los minerales en los que se encuentra mezclado los mineros usan mercurio. Este metal pesado se adhiere al oro, formando una amalgama que facilita su separaci\u00f3n de la roca o<\/span> arena<span lang=\"ES-TRAD\">; la mezcla se calienta luego <\/span><span lang=\"PT\">para <\/span><span lang=\"ES-TRAD\">evaporar el mercurio y obtener el oro. Este es el m\u00e9todo generalmente usado por los mineros ilegales, cuyos pocos recursos impiden el uso de m\u00e9todos m\u00e1s seguros pero m\u00e1s caros.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"Cuerpo\"><span lang=\"ES-TRAD\">Este sistema, muy perjudicial para la salud de los mineros, es altamente contaminante para la tierra y el agua. Las actividades de los <span class=\"Ninguno\"><em>galamseyers<\/em><\/span><\/span><span lang=\"DA\"> han <\/span><span lang=\"ES-TRAD\">arruinado buena parte de la cubierta forestal de Ghana y han causado la contaminaci\u00f3n de r\u00edos y acu\u00edferos. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"Cuerpo\"><span lang=\"ES-TRAD\">Como explica Whoe en el corto, el 70 % de las enfermedades en Ghana est\u00e1n causadas por agua contaminada y por la falta de saneamiento, y 4.000 ni\u00f1os mueren por diarrea cada a\u00f1o. La poblaci\u00f3n m\u00e1s pobre y con menos peso social est\u00e1 impotente ante la falta de suministro seguro de agua y la proliferaci\u00f3n de la miner\u00eda contaminante.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"Cuerpo\"><strong><span lang=\"ES-TRAD\">\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"whads-insighttext-gblock\"><div class=\"whads-insighttext-gblock__heading__col\"><h2 class=\"whads-insighttext-gblock__heading\">Agua y saneamiento para luchar contra la pobreza<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"whads-insighttext-gblock__text__col\"><div>\n<p class=\"Cuerpo\"><span lang=\"ES-TRAD\">Ghana es un pa\u00eds que ha logrado significativos avances contra la pobreza en la \u00faltima d\u00e9cada. Sin embargo, persisten en su geograf\u00eda zonas muy deprimidas sin acceso al agua y al saneamiento, como e<\/span><span lang=\"DE\">l distrito de Zabzugu<\/span><span lang=\"ES-TRAD\">, en el Norte del pa\u00eds, en el que la Fundaci\u00f3n We Are Water, junto con World Vision, llev\u00f3 a cabo un <\/span><span lang=\"ES-TRAD\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wearewater.org\/es\/construccion-de-pozos-en-zabzugu-ghana-2a-fase_278251\"><span class=\"Hyperlink0\">proyecto de construcci\u00f3n de pozos<\/span><\/a><\/span><span lang=\"ES-TRAD\"> que benefici\u00f3 a m\u00e1s de 6.300 personas en una zona donde s\u00f3lo el 38,3 % de la poblaci\u00f3n tiene acceso a agua potable y el 15,2 % a letrinas adecuadas. Esta es una de las principales razones por las que, en la zona, 50 de cada 1.000 nacidos vivos mueren antes de cumplir un a\u00f1o, y 100 lo hacen antes de cumplir los 4. Tambi\u00e9n el 71,4% de los menores de 5 a\u00f1os sufre desnutrici\u00f3<\/span><span lang=\"FR\">n cr<\/span><span lang=\"ES-TRAD\">\u00f3nica y el 52,1% aguda. Los proyectos de la Fundaci\u00f3n tambi\u00e9n llegaron al <\/span><span lang=\"IT\">municipio Old Ningo, <\/span><span lang=\"ES-TRAD\">en <\/span><span lang=\"PT\">distrito de Prampram,<\/span><span lang=\"ES-TRAD\"> donde se <\/span><span lang=\"ES-TRAD\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wearewater.org\/es\/construccion-de-aseos-publicos-y-campa%C3%B1a-educativa-contra-la-defecacion-al-aire-libre-en-old-ningo-ghana_277035\"><span class=\"Hyperlink0\">construyeron letrinas<\/span><\/a><\/span><span lang=\"ES-TRAD\"> en la comunidad de Ahwiamun, en la que la mayor\u00eda de la poblaci\u00f3n defeca al aire libre.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"Cuerpo\"><span lang=\"ES-TRAD\">Los esfuerzos del gobierno para acabar con estas bolsas de pobreza, muchas de ellas asoladas por la miner\u00eda furtiva, chocan con los altos niveles de corrupci\u00f3n, facilitada por flagrantes vac\u00edos legales, y por la falta de la inversi\u00f3n en tecnolog\u00eda adecuada para lograr una miner\u00eda respetuosa con el medio ambiente. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"Cuerpo\"><span lang=\"ES-TRAD\">El padre de Whoe, el protagonista del corto, envejece enfermo a causa de la contaminaci\u00f3n del agua. Para Whoe <span class=\"Ninguno\"><em>nada ha cambiado <\/em><\/span>(<span class=\"Ninguno\"><em>Nothing Has Changed<\/em><\/span>), y el agua sigue lejos e insalubre. Es una responsabilidad planetaria que personas que como Whoe sufren la falta de acceso al agua potable, no envejezcan sin haberlo conseguido.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"featured_media":11484,"template":"","categories":[37,48],"class_list":["post-11483","waw_insight","type-waw_insight","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-clima-y-medioambiente","category-waw-film-festival"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Oro que empobrece, agua que mata - We Are Water<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wearewater.org\/es\/insights\/oro-que-empobrece-agua-que-mata\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Oro que empobrece, agua que mata - 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